What is A Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM) attack

A Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM) attack is a type of man-in-the-middle (MitM) cyberattack that specifically targets the web browser as the interception point between the user and a legitimate website or application.

How Does a MitB Attack Work?

1. Malware Infection

• The user unknowingly downloads a Trojan (often via phishing emails, malicious downloads, or compromised websites).

• The malware installs itself as a browser add-on, plugin, or script injection inside the browser (like Chrome, Firefox, Edge).

2. Browser Hijack

• Once installed, the malware hooks into the browser’s API, allowing it to:

  • Monitor all data entered into forms (like usernames and passwords).

  • Modify page content.

  • Redirect traffic.

  • Inject new form fields (e.g., asking for more info).

  • Override what the user sees vs. what is actually sent to the server.

3. Silent Interception

• The infected browser behaves normally from the user's perspective.

• The attacker captures sensitive data (credentials, session tokens, credit card info) in real-time as it’s being entered.

4. Data Exfiltration or Session Takeover

• Data is silently sent to the attacker’s server.

• In more advanced cases, the attacker may initiate transactions or change account settings without the user’s knowledge.

🔥 Why MitB Attacks Are Dangerous

Invisible to Users

No pop-ups, warnings, or obvious changes.

Bypasses HTTPS

Happens after encryption—inside the browser—so HTTPS can’t help.

Defeats 2FA

Real-time monitoring allows attackers to capture OTPs and bypass MFA.

Used in Financial Fraud

Frequently targets online banking, crypto wallets, and financial services.

🔐 Real-World Example

• You log into your bank.

• Everything looks normal, but the MitB malware:

  • Sends your credentials to the attacker.

  • Alters the displayed balance.

  • Performs unauthorized fund transfers in the background.

  • Hides the evidence on your screen.

🛡️ How to Prevent MitB Attacks

✅ For Users:

• Use antivirus/anti-malware with real-time browser protection.

• Avoid installing untrusted browser extensions.

• Keep your OS and browsers up to date.

• Use security keys or app-based 2FA (not SMS).

✅ For Organizations:

• Deploy endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions.

• Use transaction verification mechanisms outside of the browser (e.g., SMS/app confirmations).

• Implement behavioral analytics to detect anomalies.

• Consider content security policies (CSP) and web application firewalls (WAFs).

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